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René Descartes, Meditationes De Prima Philosophia (Meditations on First Philosophy). Amsterdam, Ludovicus Elzevirium. 1642. The second edition of the Meditations (which were published a year earlier in 1641), this time with the seventh set of objections from the Jesuit Pierre Bourdin, as well as Descartes's repies to these objections, and his letter to the Jesuit priest Dinet.

The Meditations is the greatest work of philosophy in the Modern era. Note that this second edition (but first complete edition!) of the Meditations has a new subtitle. The first edition subtitle was: "In Qua Dei Existentia Et Animae Immortalitas Demonstratur" (in which the existence of God and the immortality of the soul are demonstrated). The second edition subtitle is: "In quibus Dei existentia, & animae humane a corpore distinctio, demonstrantur" (in which the existence of God and the distinction between the human soul and body is demonstrated). Descartes realized after the first edition that he had not proven the immortality of the soul -- merely (to his satisfaction) that it was distinct from the body, and hence could exist without the body.