PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

 Spring 2006

T, TH  1.00 p.m. – 4.00 p.m.

 

Professor:         James E. Mahon

Office:              24 Newcomb Hall

Office Hours:     T, TH 4.00-5.00 p.m. (and by appointment)

Email:               mahonj@wlu.edu

Tel.:                  458-8051

 

COURSE DESCRIPTION

What is a law? Can a law be unjust and still be a law? Must I always obey the law? Ought there to be laws prohibiting me from harming myself? Should society be permitted to make laws that prohibit consensual activities not harmful to others? Should society be permitted to make laws that enforce its religion? Should law protect all speech -- for example, racist and sexist speech -- and all publications -- for example pornography and anarchy manuals? Does the American Constitution guarantee a right to privacy? Does this right incorporate the right to have an abortion? Should there be  laws that grant certain underprivileged, or unrepresented, groups in society preferential treatment? What is the justification for legal punishment? Is the death penalty ever justified? Should I be held legally responsible for acts that were unintended? Is my state of mind in breaking a law relevant in determining my culpability? What principles should be used in the interpretation of laws to cover novel and unforeseen cases?

In this course we will examine these and other related questions with a view towards arriving at a better understanding of law and its relationship to morality. Students will become familiar with some of the major theories about the nature of law and with problems raised by some of the most controversial intersections of law and morality. Students will learn how to critically evaluate the arguments of the philosophers, justices and commentators they study through class discussion and the writing of papers.

 

PARTICIPATION

Class attendance is mandatory. Students who claim to be sick must get a doctor's or nurse's note for me. Missing two classes (i.e. counts as two weeks of normal class) will be sufficient to fail the course.

Students will be asked questions on the day’s reading and will be expected to contribute to the class discussions. Participation in class will count towards the grade for the course. Preparation for class may include a short written assignment (see below).

 

ASSIGNMENTS

In order to help students develop their critical reading skills, and as a way of focusing class discussion, students will sometimes have to write a short assignment for class. The assignment will take the form of an answer to a question about the reading. The minimum length of an assignment is two pages. These assignments will be graded. Class assignments will count towards the grade for the course.

 

PAPERS

Students will have to write TWO papers for this course, normally 6-8 pages. Students who have not written a philosophy paper before should consult the following guide: Guide to Writing a Philosophy Paper.  Students are also encouraged to discuss their papers with me in advance of writing them. Papers should be typed (double-spaced). More details (about length, margins, the correct use of secondary sources, citations, and so forth) will be given when the first paper topics are assigned. Each paper will be awarded an individual grade. The due dates for papers are given in the Class Schedule below. Students who hand in their papers after the due date may be penalized, unless they have obtained prior permission from me.

 

EXAMINATION

There will be one final three-hour examination in this course. The examination will range over everything that has been assigned for class and discussed in class, even if the discussion extends beyond the assigned readings.

 

BREAKDOWN OF COURSE GRADE

 

Two papers                                                    50 %

Examination                                                   30 %

Class assignments & participation                   20 %

 

 

REQUIRED TEXTS

The Philosophy of Law: Classic and Contemporary Readings with Commentary, ed. Frederick Schauer and Walter Sinnott-Armstrong (Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace, 1996) [ PLCCR ]

On Liberty [1859], John Stuart Mill, ed. Elizabeth Rapaport (Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 1978)

Philosophy of Law: An Introduction to Jurisprudence, rev. ed., Jeffrie G. Murphy and Jules L. Coleman (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990) [ PLIJ ]

Philosophy of Law, ed. Ronald Dworkin (Oxford: OUP, 1977) [ PL ]

 

HANDOUTS

"Letter from Birmingham Jail", Martin Luther King, Jr., in Civil Disobedience: Theory and Practice, ed. Higo Adam Bedau (NY: Macmillan, 1969), p. 72-89

"Civil Rights - Yes: Civil Disobedience - No (A Reply to Dr. Martin Luther King)", in Civil Disobedience: Theory and Practice, p. 106-115

 

CLASS SCHEDULE

 

APRIL

18    Introduction: THEORIES OF LAW

 

20     THEORIES OF LAW

        PLCCR, Chapter 1: p. 1-49, p. 107-115.

        PLIJ: Chapter 1, p. 6-66

        H. L. A. Hart, "Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals", p. 17-37

 

 

25    CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

        PLCCR, Chapter 3: p. 250-277

        John Rawls, "A Theory of Civil Disobedience", in PL, p. 89-111

        Martin Luther King, Jr., "Letter from Birmingham Jail"

        Louis Waldman, "Civil Rights - Yes; Civil Disobedience - No (A Reply to

                                   Dr. Martin Luther King)"

 

27     Judgment at Nuremberg

 

MAY

2    LIBERTY AND LIBERALISM

      J. S. Mill, On Liberty

 

4    PATERNALISM AND THE ENFORCEMENT OF MORALITY

      PLCCR, Chapter 4, P. 307-353

      PLIJ: Chapter 2, p. 67-108

      Lord Patrick Devlin, "Morals and the Criminal Law", in PL, p. 66-82

      H. L. A. Hart, "Immorality and Treason", in PL, p. 83-88

 

5  ****** FIRST PAPER DUE  ******

 

9     FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND PORNOGRAPHY

        PLCCR, Chapter 4, P. 354-402

        PLIJ, Chapter 2, p. 67-108

        Thomas Scanlon, "A Theory of Freedom of Expression", in PL, p. 153-171

 

11    THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND ABORTION

      PLCCR, Chapter 4, P. 354-402

      PLIJ, Chapter 2, p. 67-108

      J. J. Thomson, "A Defense of Abortion", in PL, p. 112-128

      John Finnis, "The Rights and Wrongs of Abortion", in PL, p. 129-152

 

16   DISCRIMINATION AND AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

       PLCCR, Chapter 4: p. 542-605

       Cases: Bakke and

 

18    PUNISHMENT AND THE DEATH PENALTY

        PLCCR, Chapter 6: 659-780

        PLIJ, Chapter 3, p. 109-142

 

19    ****** SECOND PAPER DUE  ******

 

23    RESPONSIBILITY

        PLCCR, Chapter 7, p. 783-927

 

25    TORTS, LEGAL PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE

        PLIJ, Chapter 4, p.  143-180

        PLCCR, Chapter 8, p. 929-976

 

27-29  ******* FINAL EXAMINATION ******